More commonly known as forensics, forensics science consists of a wide range of applications related to the legal system both for civil and crime actions. Over the last years, life-based documentaries and television crime series have made forensics science a part of popular culture. Such materials depict the way a forensic investigation is conducted at the crime scene for instance. Thus, according to the laws and methodology of forensics science, experts gather all the information that is to be used in a court of law for the conviction of a criminal.

Forensics science has a very long tradition in the history of mankind, as it seems to have been practiced by the Romans for example. Chinese and European records do confirm such evidence. By the 18th century, legal systems had already started using treatises in support of forensic medicine meant to clarify deaths and justify prosecution. This is how medical practitioners even came to detect arsenic intoxication, thus, getting a proof of poisoning. Every discovery in police diagnosis thus had a share in the growth of forensics science in its present day form.

The sub-divisions or applications that are classified into forensics science categories include toxicology, criminalistics, forensic geology, forensic anthropology, applied science and so on. As it results from these examples, forensics serves for more than the act of justice alone. There are certain subdivisions that serve well for archaeological, ethnological and geographical purposes. Forensic anthropology identifies human remains, and enables the study of past cultures and historical contexts as they appear on site.

There are some aspects of forensics science that have caused a lot of debate, and they still remain less scientific than they were believed to be. For the moment, forensic dentistry can no longer convince whether the bite marks belong to one person, without any shade of a doubt. People charged and convicted starting from such evidence were released as in 1999, the American Board of Forensic Odontology showed that the possibility of false identification was higher than 60% in all such cases. Although it has come a long way, forensics science has a sinuous path to cover before reaching perfection.

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More commonly known as forensics, forensics science consists of a wide range of applications related to the legal system both for civil and crime actions. Over the last years, life-based documentaries and television crime series have made forensics science a part of popular culture. Such materials depict the way a forensic investigation is conducted at the crime scene for instance. Thus, according to the laws and methodology of forensics science, experts gather all the information that is to be used in a court of law for the conviction of a criminal.

Forensics science has a very long tradition in the history of mankind, as it seems to have been practiced by the Romans for example. Chinese and European records do confirm such evidence. In the early 18th century, there were even treatises of forensic medicine and police medicine in support of the investigations for criminal acts, particularly violent deaths. This is how medical experts were able to detect the presence of arsenic in corpses, thus, getting a proof of poisoning. Such steps in police diagnosis contributed to the development of the forensics science as we know it today.

The sub-divisions or applications that are presently belonging to the wider domain of forensics science include toxicology, criminalistics, forensic geology, forensic anthropology, applied science and so on. As we can see from such examples, forensics serves for more than the act of justice alone. There are certain subdivisions that serve well for archaeological, ethnological and geographical purposes. Forensic anthropology identifies human remains, and enables the study of past cultures and historical contexts as they appear on site.

Controversies have also existed over the years, mainly related to some aspects of forensics science that are not considered scientifically valid. For the moment, forensic dentistry can no longer convince whether the bite marks belong to one person, without any shade of a doubt. Many convicts were released in the US, in 1999, precisely because the dental evidence that was used for their conviction could have been wrong. Several other controversies fire up spirits, but like all the other domains, forensics science has made progresses and improved over the years.

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The world of justice seems to be shaped by forensics investigation procedures, and popular culture has integrated many character figures from TV crime series that depict great forensics skills. There is an impressive number of tasks that a forensics investigation is capable of covering today: from autopsy techniques and forensic anthropology to DNA fingerprinting, computer facial reconstructions, toxicology and lots of others. Science constantly proves to be the best way to fight crime and support the legal system. Investigators are in charge of the procedures, and they are the once to bear the responsibility.

There are methods, features, science experiments and interviews that increase the variety of a forensics investigation models even further. Starting from the crime scene, forensics investigation passes to crime procedures, lab tests and the rest. Although people get the impression that a forensics investigation revolves around the laboratory all the time, this is not necessarily true particularly since experts cannot neglect what the crime scene has to provide in terms of information. The court evidence may be compromised if the crime scene is not analyzed correctly, therefore all forensic skills work in the direction of identifying evidence no matter how small.

The peculiarity of a forensics investigation further depends on the type of crime that the authorities are dealing with. The steps of a data analysis for instance will be different than those of a robbery. Thus, for computer forensics the investigator has to be prepared with the adequate equipment before starting data collection. Once all the details have been identified, there follows the collection of data, the examination, the analysis and the reporting. The procedures and measures vary for each of the steps involved although they eventually converge into one single viable point: finding the criminal.

Different experts will take part to the forensics investigation depending on the kind of analysis is required. In fact, all the results of such criminal analysis are a sum of several people’s contribution, because several forensic departments go through the evidence or investigate different aspects of the criminal act. Most of the cases relying on forensics investigation receive a solution and the act of justice can continue, but there are also cases when no charges can be formulated against suspects because of lack of evidence. There are hundreds maybe thousands of such cases in the archives of police departments all over the world.

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